Industrial cameras have high image stability, high transmission capacity, and high anti-interference ability compared to traditional civilian cameras. Most industrial cameras on the market are based on CCD (Charge Coupled Device) or CMOS ( Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor).
CCD is currently the most common image sensor for machine vision.
It integrates photoelectric conversion and charge storage, charge transfer, and signal reading. Also, it is a typical solid-state imaging device. The prominent feature of CCDs is the use of the charge as a signal. Unlike other devices that use current or voltage as a signal. Such an imaging device forms a charge packet by photoelectric conversion. Then transfers and amplifies the output image signal under the action of a driving pulse. A typical CCD camera consists of an optical lens, timing and sync signal generator, vertical driver, and analog/digital signal processing circuitry. In addition, as a functional device, CCD has the advantages of no burn, no hysteresis, low voltage operation, and low power consumption compared with vacuum tubes.
The development of CMOS image sensors first appeared in the early 1970s. In the early 1990s, with the development of VLSI manufacturing process technology, CMOS image sensors rapidly developed. The CMOS image sensor integrates a photosensitive element array, an image signal amplifier, a signal reading circuit, an analog-to-digital conversion circuit, an image signal processor and a controller on one chip. Also, it has the advantage of program random access of local pixels. CMOS image sensors are widely used in high resolution and high-speed applications due to their good integration, low power consumption, high-speed transmission, and wide dynamic range.
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