Normally, the CNC controller has basic functions and selection functions. The basic function is an essential function of the numerical control system, and the selection function is a function for the user to select according to the characteristics and use of the machine tool.
The main functions of the CNC controller are as follows:
1. Axis control function:
This function refers to the number of axes that the CNC can control and control at the same time. The axis of the CNC machine movement consists of a moving axis and a rotary axis, a basic axis, and an additional axis. In general, CNC machines only need two simultaneous control axes. However, CNC milling machines, CNC boring machines, and machining centers require three or more control axes. The number of simultaneous control axes can be 2 or 3 axes depending on the application. CNC machine tools that process space surfaces require more than three simultaneous control axes. The more the number of control axes, especially the more the number of axes controlled at the same time, the more complicated the CNC controller is, and the more difficult it is to program the parts of the multi-axis linkage.
2. Preparation function:
The preparation function is also called “G” function. It is to command the functions of the machine movement mode, including basic movement, plane selection, coordinate setting, tool interpolation, fixed cycle, and metric conversion. Expressed by G and the two digits following it.
3. Interpolation function:
The CNC realizes the trajectory of tool movement through software interpolation. That is, since the real-time performance of the contour continuous control is very strong, the calculation speed of the software interpolation is difficult to meet the requirements of the CNC machine tool for the feed speed and resolution, and the CNC is required to continuously expand other functions and reduce the occupation of the interpolation calculation. CPU time. Therefore, the interpolation function of the CNC is actually divided into coarse interpolation and fine interpolation. The software interpolates a small line segment data each time called coarse interpolation. According to the result of the coarse interpolation, the servo interface divides the small line segment into a single pulse output, which is the fine interpolation.
In addition, the shape of the part subjected to contour machining is mostly composed of straight lines and arcs and even consists of more complicated curves. Therefore, there are straight lines, arcs, parabolas, sines, cylinders, and spline interpolation. The methods for implementing interpolation operations include a point-by-point comparison method, a numerical integration method, and a direct function algorithm. The feed function, according to the machining process requirements, the CNC feed function directly commands the feed rate of each axis of the CNC machine with F.
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